Lord Justice McFarlane
Picture the scene: it is 26 May 2010 in a small upstairs meeting room in the Methodist Central Hall, a suitably independent but convenient location for the very first session of the newly formed Family Justice Review under the Chairmanship of David Norgrove. The panel of five, of which I was one, had asked for three or four well informed, free thinking and independent family justice insiders to attend a free flowing session designed to identify some of the key themes that the Review would need to address. The Family Rights Group, in the form of Bridget Lindley, was selected to be part of that small group and thus began a series of contributions by FRG to the review process over the following 18 months which were, for me, of the utmost value.
As you will know, the Norgrove Review Panel heard from a very
large number of individuals and agencies, but I think that it is fair to say
that no other contributor could speak from the clear, family focussed
perspective of the FRG. This is not to criticise any of the other witnesses
from whom we heard, many of whom were excellent and of great value in our
deliberations. But it is the fact that most of those working within the family
justice system have, almost as a natural consequence of their role, a bias or
perspective which favours one component in the family justice cocktail at the
expense of focus upon others. Thus the father’s groups speak up for fathers,
the mother’s groups (and there are some) represent their constituents. The
social workers are defensive of local authority practice and procedure; the
lawyers inevitably have a trial based experience which disables them from giving
equal prominence to out of court interventions; the ‘Voice of the Child’
contributors seek to prioritise that important agenda; the judges, who do have
a more balanced perspective, are inevitably concerned with process and
resources; and so on and so on.
Each contributor, be they individual or agency, had an agenda
which favoured one or other part of the whole picture. Many, as we observed in
our two reports, were openly and highly critical of value of the contributions
that other categories of professional could bring to the key task of helping to
achieve a satisfactory resolution where there is concern for the welfare of a
child. For me, as someone who had passed most of my professional life within
the family justice system, who thought that he knew it and knew how it ticked,
these contributions, repeated time and time again by different voices in
various settings, were astonishing in their negativity. I had been, for
example, totally unaware of the degree to which many in the social work
profession questioned the role that judges and lawyers should have in
determining the best plan for a child in need. That is only one example; I
could quote many for differing perspectives.
I found the experience of being exposed to such views to be of
profound importance in understanding just how much the so called ‘Family
Justice System’ was not in fact a ‘system’ at all or, if it was a system, just
how highly dysfunctional that system was. We found that there was, to use a
hackneyed phrase, a ‘bunker’ mentality in which each group, be they
professional or those speaking for fathers, mothers or children, attributed
high value to the part that they played in the resolution of a child protection
case, but afforded little or no merit to the contribution made by any other group.
In its Final Report the Norgrove Panel summed the situation up in this way:
‘[T]he relationship between local authorities and courts can
verge on the dysfunctional. For the system to work better it is not acceptable
for each group to sit on the sidelines and criticise the other. A failure in
one part of the system must be seen to be a failure of all. Courts and local
authorities, and other professionals, should work together to tackle this at a
national and local level.’ (Final Report, para 3.46)
The reason for reminding you of this sorry, but important,
experience is to point up the standalone exception to the bunkered and
sectional thinking that we encountered; the exception came in the form of the
contributions that we received from the Family Rights Group.
It was, in my recollection, only the FRG that was able to bring a
truly ‘whole family’ perspective to the fore. By having ‘Family Rights’, as
opposed to ‘Children’s Rights’ or ‘Parents’ Rights’, as its focus, the FRG was
able to offer an overview, both of the law and of social work practice, from an
altitude of an altogether different order. As I have already said, but I now
repeat and stress, this is to a large degree nothing more than the natural
consequence of the sectional nature of other bodies and agencies, on the one
hand, and the natural consequence of the all encompassing word ‘Family’ which
is at the centre of the FRG’s ethos. My reason for flagging this difference up
is not at all to denigrate the role of any other person or body; indeed it is
100% certain that if I had been a witness before the Norgrove Panel for the Bar
or the judiciary, rather than a Panel member, I too would have spoken as many
of my former colleagues and present judicial siblings did. My reason for
flagging the difference up is to highlight the unique and highly valuable
vantage point that FRG occupies from which it can, and does, offer an
holistically based insight into the problems that face us all.
By now, being people who live and breathe clichés, you will all
be thinking: ‘fine words butter no parsnips’, ‘the proof of the pudding is in
the eating’, ‘one swallow doesn’t make a summer’, ‘Shall I compare thee to a
summer’s day?’ – this latter being the thought of one whose attention has
already wandered somewhat from my theme! So, to some detail: Baroness Hale has
already described her impressions of the early years of the FRG; it is no
surprise that the organisation has proved to be so effective in recent times
given the strong and effective work that it has been known for throughout the
past 40 years.
Part of the strength and depth of FRG’s knowledge of family life
and how the system may impact upon it comes out of its day to day engagement
with families via the FRG telephone Advice Line, which has been a feature of the
organisation since the late 1980’s. Families from all over the country have
access to a specialist adviser about their rights and options in the event of
social service intervention. In this way the FRG now advises 7,000 people per
year. The process is, however, a two-way communication and, as well as giving
advice, the advisers gain a first hand knowledge of how the system is
functioning throughout the country on a case by case basis.
Contact is also available directly from the FRG website where
some 220,000 people each year access some form of advice. An independent
evaluation recently found that 84% of family and friends carers who had
received support from FRG advice and advocacy services said that FRG had helped
the family to stay together – 84%!
A key means of enabling families to have a voice and take a lead
in making plans for their children has been the introduction of Family Group
Conferences into the
UK
in 1991, led by Celia Atherton and the FRG. Drawing on the positive impact FGCs
had had in the Maori community in New Zealand, particularly in relation to
marshalling family support and finding safe alternative family placements, for
children on the edge of care, she saw the potential contribution FGCs could
make in the UK and invited some socials workers over from New Zealand to train
a small group of UK social workers on how the model worked. The importance of Family Group Conferences
was at the forefront of the FRG’s submissions to the Norgrove Review and we had
no difficulty in accepting those submissions and recommending that the benefits
of FGC’s should be more widely recognised and their use should be considered
prior to the commencement of any public law court proceedings.
That recommendation has now been taken forward, again as a result
of focussed lobbying from FRG, with the result that the importance of FGC’s is
now embedded in the revised Volume 1 of the Children Act Guidance which
states that local authorities should consider referring a family to a FGC if
they believe there is a possibility the child may not be able to remain with
their parents, or in any event before a child becomes looked after unless this
would be a risk to the child (para [24]). Used properly, this requirement
in the guidance, which results directly from FRG’s focus on the topic, will
obviate the need for proceedings in some cases and, even where proceedings are
commenced, will have provided the necessary ‘wake up call’ to extended family
members at an early stage.
This is but one example of the effectiveness of FRG’s work in
consistently supporting family members to influence legal and policy changes by
explaining what change they perceive is needed directly to those who have the
power to make such changes. Another major example is the long-term campaign,
first to identify, and then to raise the profile of, the 200 to 300,000
children who are currently being raised by carers who are not their parents but
are either other family members or friends. I could go on, but I am sure that
you have got the point: the Family Right’s Group delivers and delivers very
effectively on a range of issues of great importance to families.
For this organisation to be as effective as it is, the quality of
those who, from time to time, are working within it is of crucial importance.
Baroness Hale has spoken from her knowledge of the earlier years. For my part,
my experience of FRG has been in connection with those currently at the helm,
Cathy Ashley and Bridget Lindley, together with the 23 or so staff who support
them. All who know the work of Cathy and Bridget will, I strongly suspect,
agree with me in saying that the important mission of the Family Rights Group
could not be in better hands. Submissions and proposals put forward by the FRG
are always characterised by well informed and insightful analysis, which
betrays a high level of intellectual engagement with the issues, and, despite
the charm and measured nature of the manner of delivery, are backed up by a
steely resolve to persuade those in power to deliver whatever change is being
argued for. Individually and as a team, Cathy and Bridget are extremely
impressive and, more importantly, extremely effective in moving the agenda
forward for the benefit of families. And
they have both shown significant commitment to the organisation, demonstrated
by their length of service – Cathy has been Chief Executive for the last 10 years
and Bridget has provided legal advice at FRG for the last 26 years, for
which she was recognised by the Queen in the award of an OBE in the New Years
Honours 2014.
I am very pleased to be present this evening to
bid ‘Happy 40th Birthday’ to the FRG. But, as we all know, or at least hope,
the age of 40 is but a milestone; it is not the finishing line. The need for
the Family Rights Group remains as important today as it did in 1974. There is
still much to do. The number of families contacting the advice line has more
than tripled in the last 7 years. This includes a staggering 74% rise in
domestic violence child protection enquiries in the last year alone. The
campaign to achieve Family Group Conferences as the norm is by no means over.
Campaigns to support family and friends care, to highlight the need for parents
to give informed consent when a child in s 20 accommodation is placed in a
fostering for adoption placement and on other fronts continue. In wishing the
FRG a very ‘Happy Birthday’, as I do, I also look to the future and wish them
well in their important endeavour in the years that are to come.
